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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク China–Ecuador relations ： ウィキペディア英語版 China–Ecuador relations Although China’s economic influence is growing rapidly throughout Latin America,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chinese lending to Latin America: Flexible friends - The Economist )〕 it is perhaps most evident in Ecuador where it enjoys a near-monopoly of crude exports. Critics of Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa say that the Chinese influence has gone too far and threatens national sovereignty while indigenous peoples' rights and biodiversity could be severely harmed because of Ecuador's oil commitments to China.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China enjoys a near-monopoly on Ecuadorian oil; through a network of middlemen, most of it ends up in the U.S. )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=PLOS ONE: Global Conservation Significance of Ecuador's Yasuní National Park )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=PLOS ONE: Oil and Gas Projects in the Western Amazon: Threats to Wilderness, Biodiversity, and Indigenous Peoples )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ecuador's Yasuní Biosphere Reserve: a brief modern history and conservation challenges - Abstract - Environmental Research Letters - IOPscience )〕 ==Loan agreements== China’s oil consumption doubled between 2000 and 2010, and is likely to surpass the United States by 2019. China has been searching outside its national borders to find a solution for its rising energy needs; currently more than half of its oil consumption comes from imports.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=AMAZON WATCH » Beijing, Banks and Barrels: China and Oil in the Ecuadorian Amazon )〕 China already controls growing volumes of oil from Venezuela, where it has negotiated at least $43 billion in loans; from Russia, where the amount may exceed $55 billion; and Brazil, with at least $10 billion. In Angola, the deals total around $13 billion.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China enjoys a near-monopoly on Ecuadorian oil; through a network of middlemen, most of it ends up in the U.S. )〕 Shortly after taking office in 2007, President Rafael Correa declared a large chunk of Ecuador’s $3.2 billion in foreign debt “illegitimate” and “odious,” and the country defaulted the next year. With Ecuador considered a pariah in credit markets and struggling keep its economy solvent, PetroChina, the Chinese oil and gas company and the listed arm of state-owned China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), offered a lifeline in July 2009, lending $1 billion to the Correa administration. The “pre-finance” deal was to be repaid over 2 years and carried a 7.25 percent interest rate.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China enjoys a near-monopoly on Ecuadorian oil; through a network of middlemen, most of it ends up in the U.S. )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=AMAZON WATCH » Beijing, Banks and Barrels: China and Oil in the Ecuadorian Amazon )〕 Part of the loan agreement stipulated that PetroEcuador, Ecuador’s state oil company, sell Amazonian crude to PetroChina.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=AMAZON WATCH » Beijing, Banks and Barrels: China and Oil in the Ecuadorian Amazon )〕 Ecuador committed 96,000 barrels per day to Chinese firms.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China enjoys a near-monopoly on Ecuadorian oil; through a network of middlemen, most of it ends up in the U.S. )〕 Since 2008 Ecuador has borrowed over $11 billion from China, many used for infrastructure, oil, mining and energy projects.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ecuador Receives $1.2 Billion Loan From China for Budget )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China, Ecuador Sign $2 Billion Loan Deal )〕 In 2010, the China Export-Import Bank provided a loan of $1.7 billion to the Ecuadorian government for the Coca-Codo Sinclair hydroelectric dam and $570 million for the Sopladora hydroelectric dam, and the Chinese Development Bank loaned PetroEcuador $1 billion.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China, Ecuador Sign $2 Billion Loan Deal )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ecuador's most spectacular waterfall threatened by Chinese-funded hydroelectric project )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Asia Times Online :: China News, China Business News, Taiwan and Hong Kong 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「China–Ecuador relations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.